Grade A
Grade A: Established for a specific labeled use — current approval plus adequate controlled trials and post-market context.
Grade B
Grade B: Moderate human evidence — multiple controlled studies or a strong pivotal study, but no current approval for the claim.
Grade C
Grade C: Preliminary human evidence — small, uncontrolled, surrogate-endpoint, or early-phase studies.
Grade D
Grade D: Preclinical only — in vitro or animal evidence with no adequate human efficacy evidence.
Grade E
Grade E: Anecdotal/marketing claim — testimonials, extrapolation, or vendor claims without adequate scientific support.
Grade X
Grade X: Evidence contradicts or does not support the claim — adequate negative evidence, failed program, or claim inconsistent with the studied material.
Preclinical
Evidence from in vitro or animal studies with no adequate human efficacy evidence — the atlas Grade D lane.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
A study in which participants are assigned to the study material or a comparator by chance.
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Placebo
An inactive comparator used in a controlled study.
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Open-label
A study in which participants and investigators know what is administered.
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Single-arm
A study without a separate comparison group.
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Double-blind
Neither participants nor investigators know who receives the study material or the comparator.
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Approved drug (entry type)
A regulator-approved peptide active substance with clinical or regulatory importance. Approval remains specific to the named product, indication, population, route, jurisdiction, and date.
Investigational (entry type)
A clinical-stage candidate with scientific or public relevance. Investigation is not approval, and a studied exposure is not a recommendation.
Research-market entry
An entry with frequent visibility in the research-peptide ecosystem. Visibility is not endorsement, and marketed material is not assumed safe, sterile, authentic, or suitable for humans.
Endogenous or laboratory peptide (entry type)
An entry with substantial scientific visibility or identity value. Biological rationale and non-human evidence do not establish patient benefit.
GEP-NET
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.
GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)
Expansion of the abbreviation used in the monographs: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. The atlas does not define the pharmacology of this class; see the monograph for what is documented about a specific compound.
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PubChem CID
The record number of a compound in PubChem, the atlas's primary structure-asset source. A registry record or depiction does not authenticate a commercial sample.
Pharmacokinetics
How a substance is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body; atlas pages report pharmacokinetic data such as half-life, metabolism, and clearance.
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Bioavailability
The fraction of an administered amount that reaches systemic circulation; for the intravenous route the atlas notes bioavailability is defined as complete.
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Half-life
The time for the amount of a substance in the body to fall by half.
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Subcutaneous (SC)
Administered into the tissue layer under the skin.
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Intramuscular (IM)
Administered into a muscle.
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Intravenous (IV)
Administered into a vein.
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Lyophilization (freeze-drying)
Freeze-drying: water is removed by sublimation under reduced pressure, which can improve the stability of peptides and yield a porous dry matrix. Water removal does not sterilize a product, prove its quality, or define how it should later be handled.
Reconstitution
The product-specific pharmaceutical process by which a lyophilized (freeze-dried) solid returns to a liquid dispersion. It is not evidence that the resulting material is suitable for administration.
WADA
The World Anti-Doping Agency; its Prohibited List classifies many peptides as prohibited substances in sport.
WADA class S0
WADA Prohibited List class S0 (non-approved substances): pharmacological substances not addressed elsewhere in the list and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use.
WADA class S2
WADA Prohibited List class S2 (peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics): prohibited at all times, with subsections of materially different scope.
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)
A Therapeutic Use Exemption can authorize qualifying use of a prohibited substance; it does not change the prohibited classification.
FDCA sections 503A and 503B
Sections of the US Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act covering traditional compounding exemptions (503A) and outsourcing-facility compounding (503B). Under 503A, qualification conditions include a patient-specific prescription requirement; under 503B, conditions cover facility registration and bulk-substance eligibility.